ABSTRACT
The investigation was carried out to determine the qualitative analysis of phytochemical screening and possible chemical components of Mukia maderaspatana (L.) (family: Cucurbitaceae), leaves GC-MS. The plant is an indigenous plant; traditionally it is used as an ingredient of various cocktail preparations and for the management of severe inflammatory disorders in Indian system of medicine. GC-MS analysis of hydroalcoholic extract lead to identification of 7 compounds. This analysis revealed that contains Mukia maderaspatana (L.) leaves mainly Dichloroacetic acid, 4-methylpentyl ester, 2-Butyn-1-ol, 4-methoxy and also showed the presence of other constituents like flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, tannins and phenolic compounds.
ABSTRACT
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. However, it generates free oxygen radicals that result in serious dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. Supplementations with Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) were proven effective in reducing oxidative stress associated with several ailments. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Gmelina arborea (GA) against DOX- induced cardiotoxicity in rats. GA was given orally to rats(250&500mg/kg) and DOX (20mg/kg) was administered on the seventh day. GA protected against DOX-induced increased the levels of marker enzymes. It significantly inhibited DOX-provoked glutathione (GSH) depletion in cardiac tissues. The reductions of cardiac activities of catalase (CAT) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly mitigated. Pretreatment of GA significantly guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). GA alleviated histopathological changes in rats’ hearts treated with DOX. In conclusion, GA protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The study can be attributed, at least in part, to GA’s antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
Clitoria ternatea(CT), is an herbaceous medicinal plant used to treat, liver problems India. Acetaminophen is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent which, at high doses, causes liver and kidney necrosis in man and animals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytoconstituents and investigate the nephroprotective & antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea on acetaminophen induced toxicity in rats. Phytoconstituents like 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulene,1a,2,3,5,6,7,7a,7b-octahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-,[1aR- (1aà,7à,7aá,7bà)]- [Synonyms: Varidiflorene], Pterocarpin, 6H-Benzofuro[3,2-c][1]benzopyran, 6a,11a-dihydro-3,9-dimethoxy-, (6aR-cis)- [Synonyms: Homopterocarpin], Isoparvifuran, Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Myo-Inositol, 4-C-methyl-, 1,2,3,5-Cyclohexanetetrol, (1à,2á,3à,5á)-, Propane, 1,1-diethoxy- were identified from ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC MS). Biochemical studies show that there is an increase in the levels of serum urea and creatinine along with an increase in the body weight and reduction in the levels of uric acid in acetaminophen induced groups. These values are retrieved significantly by treatment with Clitoria ternatea extracts at two different doses. The antioxidant studies reveal that the levels of renal SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx in the APAP treated animals are increased significantly along with a reduced MDA content in ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea treated groups. Apart from these, histopathological changes also reveal the protective nature of the Clitoria ternatea extract against acetaminophen induced necrotic damage of renal tissues. In conclusion, these data suggest that the ethanol extract of Clitoria ternatea can prevent renal damage from APAP induced nephrotoxicity in rats and it is likely to be mediated through active phytoconstituents and its antioxidant activities.
ABSTRACT
One hundred and fi fty-two prescriptions of patients aged more than 65 years were picked up from in-patients of ollr hospital and analysed for drug utilization pattern. The mean age of the patients was 69.9 ±5.7 years. The mean number of drugs per prescription were 6.33 ± 2.35. Tablets were used in 48.5%, injections in 39.6%, capsules and syrups in 5.5% each and inhalers in 1.1% of patients. Antibiotics were prescribed for 140 patients, diuretics for 34, ACE inhibitors for 33, Calcium channel blockers for 59, H2 blockers for 84, narcotic analgesics and NSAlDs for 36 and 33 patients respectively. Beta blocker usage was minimal. Digoxin, aspirin and thrombolytics were used in 10, 50 and 5 patients respectively. Compliance was 100% and side effects Iike haemoptysis, gastritis, palpitation and vomiting were seen in I patient each.